The Agenda of the Rhetoric 3. Rhetoric as a Counterpart to Dialectic 4. The Purpose of Rhetoric 4. The Three Means of Persuasion 6. The Enthymeme 6. The Topoi 7. Style: How to Say Things with Words 8. The Agenda of the Rhetoric The structure of Rhet. Rhetoric as a Counterpart to Dialectic Aristotle stresses that rhetoric is closely related to dialectic.
This analogy between rhetoric and dialectic can be substantiated by several common features of both disciplines: Rhetoric and dialectic are concerned with things that do not belong to a definite genus or are not the object of a specific science.
Rhetoric and dialectic rely on accepted sentences endoxa. Rhetoric and dialectic are not dependent on the principles of specific sciences. Rhetoric and dialectic are concerned with both sides of an opposition. Rhetoric and dialectic rely on the same theory of deduction and induction.
Rhetoric and dialectic similarly apply the so-called topoi. This is why there are also remarkable differences between the two disciplines: Dialectic can be applied to every object whatsoever, rhetoric is useful especially in practical and public matters.
Dialectic proceeds by questioning and answering, while rhetoric for the most part proceeds in continuous form. Dialectic is concerned with general questions, while rhetoric is concerned for the most part with particular topics i. Certain uses of dialectic apply qualified endoxa , i. Rhetoric must take into account that its target group has only restricted intellectual resources, whereas such concerns are totally absent from dialectic.
While dialectic tries to test the consistency of a set of sentences, rhetoric tries to achieve the persuasion of a given audience. Non-argumentative methods are absent from dialectic, while rhetoric uses non-argumentative means of persuasion. The Three Means of Persuasion The systematical core of Aristotle's Rhetoric is the doctrine that there are three technical means of persuasion.
Supplement on The Brevity of the Enthymeme 6. But there are several types of sign-arguments too; Aristotle offers the following examples: Rhetoric I. Wise men are good, since Pittacus is good. This woman has a child, since she has milk. She is pregnant, since she is pale. Supplement on the Topoi of the Rhetoric 8.
This principle can be illustrated by the following Aristotelian examples: Analogy Metaphor a The cup to Dionysus as shield to Ares. Bibliography Allen, James. Barnes, Jonathan. Berti ed. Padua: Antenore. Bitzer, L. Burnyeat, Myles. Furley and A. Nehamas eds. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Cooper, John M. Cope, Edward Meredith. An Introduction to Aristotle's Rhetoric.
Cambridge Hildesheim: Olms. The Rhetoric of Aristotle, with a Commentary. Revised and edited by John Edwin Sandys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cronkhite, Garry L. Dow, Jamie. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. Erickson, Keith V. Fortenbaugh, William W. Peripatetic Rhetoric after Aristotle.
Freese, John Henry. London and Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. Furley, David J. Aristotle's Rhetoric. Garver, Eugene. Grimaldi, William M. Aristotle, Rhetoric I-II. A Commentary. New York: Fordham University Press.
Halliwell, Stephen. Kassel, Rudolf. Aristotelis Ars Rhetorica. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter. Kennedy, George A. Aristotle, On Rhetoric. Leighton, Stephen. Anagnostopoulos ed. Oxford: Blackwell. Madden, Edward H. Crossroads of Logic, Rhetoric and Metaphysics. McBurney, James H. Miller, Arthur B. Mirhady, David C. Influences on Peripatetic Rhetoric. Natali, Carlo Primavesi, Oliver. Die aristotelische Topik. Munich: C. Raphael, Sally.
Rapp, Christof. Aristoteles, Rhetorik. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Richard Nordquist. English and Rhetoric Professor. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Updated February 12, Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Nordquist, Richard. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Module 9: Persuasive Speaking.
Search for:. Three Forms of Proof The psychologist Carl Hovland and his associates did conducted well-regarded social science research in the s and s to rediscover what Aristotle had noted years before in his book titled On Rhetoric. We know the three species as: The logic of the argument logos The credibility of the speaker ethos The emotions of the audience pathos Logos Logos is the use of logic to persuade your audience.
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