Shift the intellectual responsibility by asking students to construct their own visual representation. Upon reflection, students reported that the act of creating their own organizer enhanced their grasp of the concepts because they had to sift through the information in a more critical way. It also provided a visual that identified gaps in their understanding. Concept mapping not only allows students to consolidate their thinking but also provides a formative assessment the teacher can use to check for understanding and surface misconceptions.
If this is our goal, students need the opportunity to construct the processes to achieve those ends. In and out of school, scaffolds are meant to be removed; educators have to be willing to remove the training wheels or temporary platforms and let students become independent learners.
Students will continue to encounter text and other content outside of school without the assistance of graphic organizers. Deliberate design and implementation of graphic organizers helps students develop autonomy and complex thinking capacity.
A Venn diagram is used to compare and contrast two or more groups of things by visually displaying their similarities and differences in two or more circles that overlap. Similarities between topics are presented where a circle from one category overlaps with a circle from another category. Features that do not fit in both categories are placed where the two circles do not overlap. Venn diagrams can serve to increase understanding of a relationship between two or more concepts. A sequence chart or flow diagram presents a series of steps or events in order.
Many learners need a visual aid to help clarify a sequence of events in a story or to come to conclusions about different cause and effect or problem and solution relationships between multiple events in a text. Students can use this type of organizer as a flowchart to organize thoughts as a prewriting activity or as part of a classroom activity that makes students responsible for a portion of a classroom assignment e.
A cycle diagram is a type of sequential chart that is used to represent a sequence of stages, tasks, or events in a circular flow. This kind of diagram accentuates the flow and interconnection between things, rather than emphasizing the actual stages or steps.
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Students write details about how the topics are different in the outer parts of the circles and how they are the same in the shared inner space of circles. Venn diagrams can be used to compare and contrast two characters. For example, students would write how each character is different in the outer spaces and how they are the same in the overlapping space in the middle.
Then, students can use this graphic organizer to help them write an essay about each character. A concept map is a graphic organizer that looks like a web with arrows connecting each circle. This type of map helps students identify a main concept as well as sub-concepts.
It can be used to help visually organize thoughts as well as illustrate hierarchical information. There are a variety of ways this type of organizer can be used in the classroom.
Students can show relationships between specific concepts, characters in a story, or even vocabulary words. A T-chart is a graphic organizer that is used to compare and contrast two different things. Students can use a T-chart to make comparisons related to a variety of topics or subjects; they can also be used in any content area or genre. For example, in social studies students can compare two different political candidates, then use the chart to help them in a class debate. An idea web is a graphic organizer that is used for brainstorming and helps students organize ideas or concepts.
Much like a concept map, an idea web is comprised of circles that are connected. This type of organizer is mainly used to help students brainstorm story ideas. For example, a topic is written in the center circle and students write in the details in the surrounding smaller circles.
A KWL chart is another popular graphic organizer, especially in the elementary classroom.
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